目前，我國(guó)許多城市包括北京、上海等都在推廣垃圾分類。

前段時(shí)間由于上海嚴(yán)格的垃圾分類規(guī)則，“垃圾分類”甚至在社交媒體上成為了一個(gè)眾所周知的“梗”。當(dāng)然我們不能始終只把垃圾分類當(dāng)作一個(gè)有趣的逸聞來(lái)聽(tīng)，畢竟在國(guó)外一些地區(qū)，垃圾分類的管理和理念早已非常成熟且深入人心，極大地改善了國(guó)家內(nèi)的資源利用。垃圾分類這件事也已經(jīng)成為許多國(guó)家居民生活中不可分割的一部分。

At present, many cities in China, including Beijing and Shanghai, are promoting garbage classification. While in some foreign regions, the management and concept of garbage classification have long been mature and deeply rooted in people's hearts.

先來(lái)看看袋鼠爸爸怎么說(shuō)：

Aussie Dad talks about garbage sorting in Canberra

接下來(lái)，一起看看在不同大洲的國(guó)家的垃圾分類吧！

Next, let's take a look at garbage classification in different countries on different continents.

0 1

垃圾分類在亞洲

韓國(guó)：垃圾“減肥”靠收費(fèi)

South Korea: "Reducing weight" for garbage by charging fees

韓國(guó)廚余垃圾排放量非常大，每年處理廚余垃圾的花費(fèi)高達(dá)8000億韓元。韓國(guó)從2005年起實(shí)行廚余垃圾和一般垃圾分類處理。2010年，一些地方開(kāi)始對(duì)食物垃圾按量收費(fèi)。這些成本因素刺激了韓國(guó)人為垃圾“減肥”的積極性。

With a huge volume of kitchen waste disposal, South Korea spends KRW 800 billion a year on dealing with it. Since 2005, South Korea began to dispose kitchen waste and general waste separately, and started charging for food waste by volume in some places from 2010. These cost factors stimulated the enthusiasm of Koreans to "reduce weight" for garbage.

此外，韓國(guó)市政管理當(dāng)局對(duì)扔垃圾的時(shí)間也有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定。若沒(méi)有使用規(guī)定的袋子、或不按規(guī)定時(shí)間扔垃圾，居民將被處以100萬(wàn)韓元以下的罰款。

Besides, municipal administration authorities in South Korea have strict rules on the time to throw garbage, and residents will be fined up to KRW 1 million if they fail to use required bags or throw garbage in accordance with time rules.

日本：垃圾分類到極致

Japan: Classifying garbage to the extreme

日本不同街道和地區(qū)的垃圾分類規(guī)定不盡相同。如東京都澀谷區(qū)2013年起規(guī)定，垃圾分為四大類：可燃垃圾、不可燃垃圾、粗大垃圾、資源垃圾。每一類還會(huì)細(xì)分為若干子項(xiàng)目，比如：長(zhǎng)度小于50厘米的樹(shù)枝方可歸為“可燃垃圾”。

The rules for garbage classification vary from street to street and region to region in Japan. For example, garbage in Shibuya District of Tokyo has been divided into four categories since 2013: combustible garbage, incombustible garbage, bulky garbage and resource garbage, each of which can also be subdivided into several sub-items. For instance, branches less than 50 centimeters in length can be classified as “combustible garbage”.

管理嚴(yán)格、細(xì)致，加之民眾高度自覺(jué)，使日本垃圾分類領(lǐng)先世界。

Strict and meticulous management, as well as high public awareness, render Japan's garbage classification leading in the world.

圖片來(lái)源：http://www.xiaoshou.info/

02

垃圾分類在歐洲

德國(guó)：垃圾分類似科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)

Germany: Garbage classification resembling scientific experiments

得益于如科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)般精確的垃圾分類法，如今德國(guó)已廢棄了垃圾填埋法，其垃圾回收利用率高達(dá)62%，在歐盟處于領(lǐng)先地位。

Benefiting from a garbage classification method as accurate as scientific experiments, Germany has abandoned landfill, resulting in a garbage recycling rate as high as 62%, which is leading in the EU.

按照相關(guān)法規(guī)，葡萄酒瓶要扔到特定垃圾桶中；啤酒瓶可送到指定地點(diǎn)回收；果汁瓶要當(dāng)作塑料包裝垃圾處理；帶有回收標(biāo)志的礦泉水瓶則屬于可回收垃圾。

According to relevant laws and regulations, wine bottles must be thrown into specific trash cans; beer bottles can be sent to designated places for recycling; juice bottles are disposed as plastic packaging waste; and mineral water bottles with recycling labels are recyclable garbage.

德國(guó)的生活垃圾可分為四類：日常生活類垃圾、塑料包裝類垃圾、紙類垃圾、生物垃圾。但實(shí)際操作中并不是一分為四那么簡(jiǎn)單。比如，玻璃瓶和電子類垃圾需要單獨(dú)處理；紙巾屬于生物類垃圾而非紙類；摔碎的鏡子和紅酒瓶不屬于同一種類；燈泡、酒杯、茶杯和玻璃瓶子不能扔到同一個(gè)垃圾桶。

Household waste in Germany can be classified into four categories: daily life waste, plastic packaging waste, paper waste and biological waste. But in practice, it's not that simple. For example, glass bottles and electronic waste need to be disposed separately; paper towels are biological waste, not paper waste; broken mirrors and wine bottles do not belong to the same category; light bulbs, wine glasses, teacups and glass bottles cannot be thrown into the same dustbin.

瑞士：嚴(yán)格分類是前提

Switzerland: Strict classification is the prerequisite

瑞士是垃圾分類回收、綜合處理、循環(huán)利用做得最好的國(guó)家之一首先，嚴(yán)格分類是瑞士垃圾處理的最主要特征。

Switzerland is one of the countries doing best in garbage classification, comprehensive treatment and recycling. First of all, strict classification is the main characteristics of garbage disposal in Switzerland.

據(jù)瑞士聯(lián)邦官方有關(guān)部門(mén)的規(guī)定，垃圾共分為8大類、103種。8大類分別是化學(xué)垃圾、醫(yī)用垃圾、金屬垃圾、礦物垃圾、建筑-機(jī)器-汽車及附加品垃圾、動(dòng)植物垃圾、殘留物垃圾（如污水污泥）以及城鄉(xiāng)分類生活垃圾。最后一類生活垃圾共16種，每一種都有不同的回收處理要求和方式。在瑞士生活，以下幾類垃圾一定要區(qū)分處理：紙殼、紙板、報(bào)紙、雜志是一類，塑料制品（包括飲料瓶，有的還要按顏色區(qū)分）是一類，玻璃制品是一類，還有其他可回收垃圾。去年開(kāi)始，政府要求居民把廚余垃圾單獨(dú)清理，使用專門(mén)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的可回收垃圾袋，扔入專門(mén)的綠色垃圾箱。以上這幾種垃圾，一般在居民區(qū)或附近都能扔掉。電池等電子垃圾，要去集中處理的專門(mén)地點(diǎn)去扔。大型的金屬垃圾（廢舊家具、家用電器、衣物等等，則需要請(qǐng)專人清理）。

According to the regulations by relevant departments of Swiss federal authorities, there are 103 kinds of garbage in 8 major categories: chemical waste, medical waste, metal waste, mineral waste, construction-machine-automobile and additional product waste, animal and plant waste, residual waste (such as sewage sludge) as well as urban and rural household waste, the last of which includes 16 kinds, each with different recycling requirements and methods. Living in Switzerland, it is important to distinguish the following kinds of waste: paper, cardboard, newspapers and magazines belonging to the same category; plastic products (including drink bottles and sometimes classified by color); glass products; and other recyclable waste. Since last year, the government has required residents to clean up their kitchen waste separately using specially purchased recyclable bags and throwing into special green bins. The above kinds of garbage can generally be disposed in residential areas or nearby. Batteries and other electronic waste should be disposed in special places. Large metal garbage, used furniture, household appliances, and clothing need to be cleaned up by special personnel.

來(lái)源：http://www.sucaidao.com/view-1-872283.html

03

垃圾分類在美洲

墨西哥：收編拾荒者

Mexico: Incorporating scavengers

墨西哥城日產(chǎn)垃圾1.27萬(wàn)噸，這對(duì)城市垃圾處理能力提出了挑戰(zhàn)。一方面，墨西哥正努力提高垃圾回收轉(zhuǎn)化率，以盡早結(jié)束填埋處理垃圾的做法；另一方面，垃圾分類后如何解決拾荒者的生計(jì)也十分重要。

Mexico City produces 12,700 tons of waste every day, which greatly challenges the city's capacity of garbage disposal. On the one hand, Mexico has been committed to improving the garbage recycling rates to terminate the landfill method as soon as possible; on the other hand, how to solve the livelihood problems of scavengers is very important.

鑒于墨西哥城有眾多靠回收垃圾為生者，目前政府推動(dòng)垃圾分類時(shí)，也將這些人編入垃圾回收體系。通過(guò)相關(guān)措施，每天可再利用垃圾約3000噸。目前，墨西哥已利用垃圾生產(chǎn)出電能和天然氣等能源，還生產(chǎn)出了水泥等建筑材料。

Given a large number of people making a living by garbage collection in Mexico City, the government has been incorporating these people into the garbage recycling system when promoting garbage classification. Through relevant measures, about 3,000 tons of garbage can be reused every day.

So far, Mexico has already made use of its garbage to produce energy sources such as electricity and natural gas, as well as building materials like cement.

美國(guó)：曾是“后進(jìn)生” “3R”原則得拯救

United States: The former "underachiever" saved by "3Rs" principle

在垃圾焚燒問(wèn)題上，也有走得不太順利的國(guó)家，比如美國(guó)。

There are also countries not doing well in terms of garbage incineration, such as the United States.

1885年，紐約建起了美國(guó)第一座垃圾焚燒爐。在之后的25年內(nèi)，全美垃圾焚燒爐達(dá)到200座之多，1940年達(dá)到700座。焚燒爐給美國(guó)帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染，1970年4月22日，2000萬(wàn)美國(guó)人走上街頭抗議環(huán)境污染，這一天此后成為著名的“地球日”。

In 1885, the first garbage incinerator was built in New York. Over the next 25 years, there were 200 incinerators in the United States and the number reached 700 in 1940. Incinerators caused heavy air pollution to the US, resulting in 20 million Americans protesting the environmental pollution on the streets on April 22, 1970, which later became known as the Earth Day.

不過(guò)目前，“3R”原則“拯救”了美國(guó)。所謂3R就是減少（Reduce）、再利用(Reuse）和回收（Recycle）。

But for now, the "3Rs" principle has "saved" the US, which refers to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

在美國(guó)，還有很多垃圾不能隨意丟棄。例如要扔舊家具，至少提前一天與指定收取機(jī)構(gòu)電話預(yù)約回收日期。要扔電子產(chǎn)品，需送到專門(mén)回收中心，或預(yù)約專人上門(mén)回收。

In the United States, there is still a lot of garbage that cannot be disposed randomly. For example, if you want to throw away some old furniture, call designated collection agencies at least one day in advance. As for electronic products, send them to special recycling centers or make an appointment with special personnel to pick them up at your home.

內(nèi)容來(lái)源：eBeijing